|
|
Antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Clostridioides difficile derived from hospitalised patients in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Zíková, Jaroslava ; Krůtová, Marcela (advisor) ; Najmanová, Lucie (referee)
Clostridioides difficile is one of the most common pathogens of healthcare-associated colitis (CDI). However, in recent years there has been an increasing number of reported cases in the community. Causative strain characterization allows us to track the occurrence and spread of certain C. difficile types. To update the current CDI epidemiological situation, between October and November 2021, 342 C. difficile isolates or stool samples from CDI patients for culture were sent from 23 Czech (n=200) and 17 Slovak (n=142) hospitals. All C. difficile isolates were characterized by ribotyping and toxin genes detection. From 342 isolates, 52 different ribotyping profiles were identified. The frequent ribotypes detected were 001, 176, 014, 018 and 020. Genes for toxins A and B were found in all isolates. Genes for binary toxins were detected in 43 (21,5 %) Czech isolates and in 117 (82,4 %) Slovak isolates. Further, selected isolates (n=140, 40,9 %) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to 17 antibiotics (E-test). Multilocus sequencing typing determined 30 different sequence types from the 39 included ribotypes. All C. difficile isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, and meropenem. The most frequently detected antimicrobial...
|
|
|
Laboratory Methods of Clostridium difficile Diagnostics in Hospitalized Patients in Tábor Hospital, a.s.
ČÍŽEK, Luboš
This thesis deals with the issue of bacterial infection caused by Clostridium difficile. This infection is a significant medical and epidemiological problem, especially in hospitalized patients in health care facilities. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the description of the bacterium Clostridium difficile, deals with its clinical significance, the causes of occurrence, and laboratory methods used to examine samples for the presence of the bacterium and its toxins. It summarizes current possibilities of treatment and prevention of the diseases caused by the bacterium. The practical part describes current laboratory examination procedures in the Hospital Tábor, a.s. The data from the examinations in the reference years are processed there. All analysed data describe results of examinations in patients hospitalized in the hospital in Tábor. The practical part of the thesis brings summarized and evaluated results of the examinations. This part is gives answers to the question of adequacy of examination procedures and the impact of selected risk factors on the frequency of the examinations. It also includes evidence that the incidence of health care associated Clostridium difficile colitis has been increasing over the years. The cases of two patients affected by this colitis caused by previous antibiotic treatment are also described. In conclusion, the thesis summarizes the importance of Clostridium difficile and answers to the set questions. It was found that high number of results of tested samples were negative. Therefore, possible improvements are recommended.
|
|
|
A comparative analysis of the isolates of Clostridioides difficile derived from different sources.
Eretová, Veronika ; Krůtová, Marcela (advisor) ; Ježek, Petr (referee)
Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) are generally perceived as healtcare associated infections. However, there has been recently reported an increase of CDI incidence in the community. The occurrence of C. difficile has been described also in animals, food and the environment water and soil. The aim of this thesis was to characterize C. difficile isolates derived from different sources using molecular methods. The results were discussed with available data from Czech human C. difficile isolates. A total of 135 C. difficile isolates from the following sources were analyzed: pigs n = 57, calves n = 44, horses n = 18, water n = 15 and hedgehog. Using PCR ribotyping, 22 distinct ribotyping profiles were identified, the most frequently detected ribotypes were: 033, 011, 126, 078. Both toxigenic and non-toxigenic ribotypes were detected, including binary toxin-producing strains. The most frequently detected antimicrobial resistances were to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. All ribotypes and sequence types identified in the C. difficile isolates from animals and the environment, has been found also in C. difficile isolates from humans which confirms the role of animals and the environment as a source for C. difficile. However, no epidemic ribotype 001 and 176 that dominate the current...
|
guest ::
